| Commit message (Collapse) | Author | Age | Files | Lines |
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When we try to transmit an skb with md_dst attached through wireguard
we hit a null pointer dereference in wg_xmit() due to the use of
dst_mtu() which calls into dst_blackhole_mtu() which in turn tries to
dereference dst->dev.
Since wireguard doesn't use md_dsts we should use skb_valid_dst(), which
checks for DST_METADATA flag, and if it's set, then falls back to
wireguard's device mtu. That gives us the best chance of transmitting
the packet; otherwise if the blackhole netdev is used we'd get
ETH_MIN_MTU.
[ 263.693506] BUG: kernel NULL pointer dereference, address: 00000000000000e0
[ 263.693908] #PF: supervisor read access in kernel mode
[ 263.694174] #PF: error_code(0x0000) - not-present page
[ 263.694424] PGD 0 P4D 0
[ 263.694653] Oops: 0000 [#1] PREEMPT SMP NOPTI
[ 263.694876] CPU: 5 PID: 951 Comm: mausezahn Kdump: loaded Not tainted 5.18.0-rc1+ #522
[ 263.695190] Hardware name: QEMU Standard PC (i440FX + PIIX, 1996), BIOS 1.15.0-1.fc35 04/01/2014
[ 263.695529] RIP: 0010:dst_blackhole_mtu+0x17/0x20
[ 263.695770] Code: 00 00 00 0f 1f 44 00 00 c3 66 2e 0f 1f 84 00 00 00 00 00 0f 1f 44 00 00 48 8b 47 10 48 83 e0 fc 8b 40 04 85 c0 75 09 48 8b 07 <8b> 80 e0 00 00 00 c3 66 90 0f 1f 44 00 00 48 89 d7 be 01 00 00 00
[ 263.696339] RSP: 0018:ffffa4a4422fbb28 EFLAGS: 00010246
[ 263.696600] RAX: 0000000000000000 RBX: ffff8ac9c3553000 RCX: 0000000000000000
[ 263.696891] RDX: 0000000000000401 RSI: 00000000fffffe01 RDI: ffffc4a43fb48900
[ 263.697178] RBP: ffffa4a4422fbb90 R08: ffffffff9622635e R09: 0000000000000002
[ 263.697469] R10: ffffffff9b69a6c0 R11: ffffa4a4422fbd0c R12: ffff8ac9d18b1a00
[ 263.697766] R13: ffff8ac9d0ce1840 R14: ffff8ac9d18b1a00 R15: ffff8ac9c3553000
[ 263.698054] FS: 00007f3704c337c0(0000) GS:ffff8acaebf40000(0000) knlGS:0000000000000000
[ 263.698470] CS: 0010 DS: 0000 ES: 0000 CR0: 0000000080050033
[ 263.698826] CR2: 00000000000000e0 CR3: 0000000117a5c000 CR4: 00000000000006e0
[ 263.699214] Call Trace:
[ 263.699505] <TASK>
[ 263.699759] wg_xmit+0x411/0x450
[ 263.700059] ? bpf_skb_set_tunnel_key+0x46/0x2d0
[ 263.700382] ? dev_queue_xmit_nit+0x31/0x2b0
[ 263.700719] dev_hard_start_xmit+0xd9/0x220
[ 263.701047] __dev_queue_xmit+0x8b9/0xd30
[ 263.701344] __bpf_redirect+0x1a4/0x380
[ 263.701664] __dev_queue_xmit+0x83b/0xd30
[ 263.701961] ? packet_parse_headers+0xb4/0xf0
[ 263.702275] packet_sendmsg+0x9a8/0x16a0
[ 263.702596] ? _raw_spin_unlock_irqrestore+0x23/0x40
[ 263.702933] sock_sendmsg+0x5e/0x60
[ 263.703239] __sys_sendto+0xf0/0x160
[ 263.703549] __x64_sys_sendto+0x20/0x30
[ 263.703853] do_syscall_64+0x3b/0x90
[ 263.704162] entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x44/0xae
[ 263.704494] RIP: 0033:0x7f3704d50506
[ 263.704789] Code: 48 c7 c0 ff ff ff ff eb b7 66 2e 0f 1f 84 00 00 00 00 00 90 41 89 ca 64 8b 04 25 18 00 00 00 85 c0 75 11 b8 2c 00 00 00 0f 05 <48> 3d 00 f0 ff ff 77 72 c3 90 55 48 83 ec 30 44 89 4c 24 2c 4c 89
[ 263.705652] RSP: 002b:00007ffe954b0b88 EFLAGS: 00000246 ORIG_RAX: 000000000000002c
[ 263.706141] RAX: ffffffffffffffda RBX: 0000558bb259b490 RCX: 00007f3704d50506
[ 263.706544] RDX: 000000000000004a RSI: 0000558bb259b7b2 RDI: 0000000000000003
[ 263.706952] RBP: 0000000000000000 R08: 00007ffe954b0b90 R09: 0000000000000014
[ 263.707339] R10: 0000000000000000 R11: 0000000000000246 R12: 00007ffe954b0b90
[ 263.707735] R13: 000000000000004a R14: 0000558bb259b7b2 R15: 0000000000000001
[ 263.708132] </TASK>
[ 263.708398] Modules linked in: bridge netconsole bonding [last unloaded: bridge]
[ 263.708942] CR2: 00000000000000e0
Fixes: a8f1bc7bdea3 ("net: WireGuard secure network tunnel")
Link: https://github.com/cilium/cilium/issues/19428
Reported-by: Martynas Pumputis <m@lambda.lt>
Signed-off-by: Nikolay Aleksandrov <razor@blackwall.org>
Acked-by: Daniel Borkmann <daniel@iogearbox.net>
Signed-off-by: Jason A. Donenfeld <Jason@zx2c4.com>
Signed-off-by: Jakub Kicinski <kuba@kernel.org>
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When a virtual machine forks, it's important that WireGuard clear
existing sessions so that different plaintexts are not transmitted using
the same key+nonce, which can result in catastrophic cryptographic
failure. To accomplish this, we simply hook into the newly added vmfork
notifier.
As a bonus, it turns out that, like the vmfork registration function,
the PM registration function is stubbed out when CONFIG_PM_SLEEP is not
set, so we can actually just remove the maze of ifdefs, which makes it
really quite clean to support both notifiers at once.
Cc: Dominik Brodowski <linux@dominikbrodowski.net>
Cc: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
Cc: Theodore Ts'o <tytso@mit.edu>
Acked-by: Jakub Kicinski <kuba@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Jason A. Donenfeld <Jason@zx2c4.com>
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Apparently the spinlock on incoming_handshake's skb_queue is highly
contended, and a torrent of handshake or cookie packets can bring the
data plane to its knees, simply by virtue of enqueueing the handshake
packets to be processed asynchronously. So, we try switching this to a
ring buffer to hopefully have less lock contention. This alleviates the
problem somewhat, though it still isn't perfect, so future patches will
have to improve this further. However, it at least doesn't completely
diminish the data plane.
Reported-by: Streun Fabio <fstreun@student.ethz.ch>
Reported-by: Joel Wanner <joel.wanner@inf.ethz.ch>
Fixes: a8f1bc7bdea3 ("net: WireGuard secure network tunnel")
Signed-off-by: Jason A. Donenfeld <Jason@zx2c4.com>
Signed-off-by: Jakub Kicinski <kuba@kernel.org>
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Each peer's endpoint contains a dst_cache entry that takes a reference
to another netdev. When the containing namespace exits, we take down the
socket and prevent future sockets from being created (by setting
creating_net to NULL), which removes that potential reference on the
netns. However, it doesn't release references to the netns that a netdev
cached in dst_cache might be taking, so the netns still might fail to
exit. Since the socket is gimped anyway, we can simply clear all the
dst_caches (by way of clearing the endpoint src), which will release all
references.
However, the current dst_cache_reset function only releases those
references lazily. But it turns out that all of our usages of
wg_socket_clear_peer_endpoint_src are called from contexts that are not
exactly high-speed or bottle-necked. For example, when there's
connection difficulty, or when userspace is reconfiguring the interface.
And in particular for this patch, when the netns is exiting. So for
those cases, it makes more sense to call dst_release immediately. For
that, we add a small helper function to dst_cache.
This patch also adds a test to netns.sh from Hangbin Liu to ensure this
doesn't regress.
Tested-by: Hangbin Liu <liuhangbin@gmail.com>
Reported-by: Xiumei Mu <xmu@redhat.com>
Cc: Toke Høiland-Jørgensen <toke@redhat.com>
Cc: Paolo Abeni <pabeni@redhat.com>
Fixes: be0d977e56c7 ("wireguard: device: avoid circular netns references")
Signed-off-by: Jason A. Donenfeld <Jason@zx2c4.com>
Signed-off-by: Jakub Kicinski <kuba@kernel.org>
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Having two ring buffers per-peer means that every peer results in two
massive ring allocations. On an 8-core x86_64 machine, this commit
reduces the per-peer allocation from 18,688 bytes to 1,856 bytes, which
is an 90% reduction. Ninety percent! With some single-machine
deployments approaching 500,000 peers, we're talking about a reduction
from 7 gigs of memory down to 700 megs of memory.
In order to get rid of these per-peer allocations, this commit switches
to using a list-based queueing approach. Currently GSO fragments are
chained together using the skb->next pointer (the skb_list_* singly
linked list approach), so we form the per-peer queue around the unused
skb->prev pointer (which sort of makes sense because the links are
pointing backwards). Use of skb_queue_* is not possible here, because
that is based on doubly linked lists and spinlocks. Multiple cores can
write into the queue at any given time, because its writes occur in the
start_xmit path or in the udp_recv path. But reads happen in a single
workqueue item per-peer, amounting to a multi-producer, single-consumer
paradigm.
The MPSC queue is implemented locklessly and never blocks. However, it
is not linearizable (though it is serializable), with a very tight and
unlikely race on writes, which, when hit (some tiny fraction of the
0.15% of partial adds on a fully loaded 16-core x86_64 system), causes
the queue reader to terminate early. However, because every packet sent
queues up the same workqueue item after it is fully added, the worker
resumes again, and stopping early isn't actually a problem, since at
that point the packet wouldn't have yet been added to the encryption
queue. These properties allow us to avoid disabling interrupts or
spinning. The design is based on Dmitry Vyukov's algorithm [1].
Performance-wise, ordinarily list-based queues aren't preferable to
ringbuffers, because of cache misses when following pointers around.
However, we *already* have to follow the adjacent pointers when working
through fragments, so there shouldn't actually be any change there. A
potential downside is that dequeueing is a bit more complicated, but the
ptr_ring structure used prior had a spinlock when dequeueing, so all and
all the difference appears to be a wash.
Actually, from profiling, the biggest performance hit, by far, of this
commit winds up being atomic_add_unless(count, 1, max) and atomic_
dec(count), which account for the majority of CPU time, according to
perf. In that sense, the previous ring buffer was superior in that it
could check if it was full by head==tail, which the list-based approach
cannot do.
But all and all, this enables us to get massive memory savings, allowing
WireGuard to scale for real world deployments, without taking much of a
performance hit.
[1] http://www.1024cores.net/home/lock-free-algorithms/queues/intrusive-mpsc-node-based-queue
Reviewed-by: Dmitry Vyukov <dvyukov@google.com>
Reviewed-by: Toke Høiland-Jørgensen <toke@redhat.com>
Fixes: a8f1bc7bdea3 ("net: WireGuard secure network tunnel")
Signed-off-by: Jason A. Donenfeld <Jason@zx2c4.com>
Signed-off-by: Jakub Kicinski <kuba@kernel.org>
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If skb->protocol doesn't match the actual skb->data header, it's
probably not a good idea to pass it off to icmp{,v6}_ndo_send, which is
expecting to reply to a valid IP packet. So this commit has that early
mismatch case jump to a later error label.
Fixes: a8f1bc7bdea3 ("net: WireGuard secure network tunnel")
Signed-off-by: Jason A. Donenfeld <Jason@zx2c4.com>
Signed-off-by: Jakub Kicinski <kuba@kernel.org>
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The definition of IS_ERR() already applies the unlikely() notation
when checking the error status of the passed pointer. For this
reason there is no need to have the same notation outside of
IS_ERR() itself.
Clean up code by removing redundant notation.
Signed-off-by: Antonio Quartulli <a@unstable.cc>
Signed-off-by: Jason A. Donenfeld <Jason@zx2c4.com>
Signed-off-by: Jakub Kicinski <kuba@kernel.org>
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Replace ip_tunnel_get_stats64() with the new identical core function
dev_get_tstats64().
Reviewed-by: Jason A. Donenfeld <Jason@zx2c4.com>
Signed-off-by: Heiner Kallweit <hkallweit1@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Jakub Kicinski <kuba@kernel.org>
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WireGuard uses skb->protocol to determine packet type, and bails out if
it's not set or set to something it's not expecting. For AF_PACKET
injection, we need to support its call chain of:
packet_sendmsg -> packet_snd -> packet_parse_headers ->
dev_parse_header_protocol -> parse_protocol
Without a valid parse_protocol, this returns zero, and wireguard then
rejects the skb. So, this wires up the ip_tunnel handler for layer 3
packets for that case.
Reported-by: Hans Wippel <ndev@hwipl.net>
Signed-off-by: Jason A. Donenfeld <Jason@zx2c4.com>
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
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Before, we took a reference to the creating netns if the new netns was
different. This caused issues with circular references, with two
wireguard interfaces swapping namespaces. The solution is to rather not
take any extra references at all, but instead simply invalidate the
creating netns pointer when that netns is deleted.
In order to prevent this from happening again, this commit improves the
rough object leak tracking by allowing it to account for created and
destroyed interfaces, aside from just peers and keys. That then makes it
possible to check for the object leak when having two interfaces take a
reference to each others' namespaces.
Fixes: a8f1bc7bdea3 ("net: WireGuard secure network tunnel")
Signed-off-by: Jason A. Donenfeld <Jason@zx2c4.com>
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
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We carry out checks to the effect of:
if (skb->protocol != wg_examine_packet_protocol(skb))
goto err;
By having wg_skb_examine_untrusted_ip_hdr return 0 on failure, this
means that the check above still passes in the case where skb->protocol
is zero, which is possible to hit with AF_PACKET:
struct sockaddr_pkt saddr = { .spkt_device = "wg0" };
unsigned char buffer[5] = { 0 };
sendto(socket(AF_PACKET, SOCK_PACKET, /* skb->protocol = */ 0),
buffer, sizeof(buffer), 0, (const struct sockaddr *)&saddr, sizeof(saddr));
Additional checks mean that this isn't actually a problem in the code
base, but I could imagine it becoming a problem later if the function is
used more liberally.
I would prefer to fix this by having wg_examine_packet_protocol return a
32-bit ~0 value on failure, which will never match any value of
skb->protocol, which would simply change the generated code from a mov
to a movzx. However, sparse complains, and adding __force casts doesn't
seem like a good idea, so instead we just add a simple helper function
to check for the zero return value. Since wg_examine_packet_protocol
itself gets inlined, this winds up not adding an additional branch to
the generated code, since the 0 return value already happens in a
mergable branch.
Reported-by: Fabian Freyer <fabianfreyer@radicallyopensecurity.com>
Signed-off-by: Jason A. Donenfeld <Jason@zx2c4.com>
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
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It turns out there's an easy way to get packets queued up while still
having an MTU of zero, and that's via persistent keep alive. This commit
makes sure that in whatever condition, we don't wind up dividing by
zero. Note that an MTU of zero for a wireguard interface is something
quasi-valid, so I don't think the correct fix is to limit it via
min_mtu. This can be reproduced easily with:
ip link add wg0 type wireguard
ip link add wg1 type wireguard
ip link set wg0 up mtu 0
ip link set wg1 up
wg set wg0 private-key <(wg genkey)
wg set wg1 listen-port 1 private-key <(wg genkey) peer $(wg show wg0 public-key)
wg set wg0 peer $(wg show wg1 public-key) persistent-keepalive 1 endpoint 127.0.0.1:1
However, while min_mtu=0 seems fine, it makes sense to restrict the
max_mtu. This commit also restricts the maximum MTU to the greatest
number for which rounding up to the padding multiple won't overflow a
signed integer. Packets this large were always rejected anyway
eventually, due to checks deeper in, but it seems more sound not to even
let the administrator configure something that won't work anyway.
We use this opportunity to clean up this function a bit so that it's
clear which paths we're expecting.
Signed-off-by: Jason A. Donenfeld <Jason@zx2c4.com>
Cc: Eric Dumazet <eric.dumazet@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Eric Dumazet <edumazet@google.com>
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
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Because wireguard is calling icmp from network device context, it should
use the ndo helper so that the rate limiting applies correctly. This
commit adds a small test to the wireguard test suite to ensure that the
new functions continue doing the right thing in the context of
wireguard. It does this by setting up a condition that will definately
evoke an icmp error message from the driver, but along a nat'd path.
Signed-off-by: Jason A. Donenfeld <Jason@zx2c4.com>
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
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WireGuard is a layer 3 secure networking tunnel made specifically for
the kernel, that aims to be much simpler and easier to audit than IPsec.
Extensive documentation and description of the protocol and
considerations, along with formal proofs of the cryptography, are
available at:
* https://www.wireguard.com/
* https://www.wireguard.com/papers/wireguard.pdf
This commit implements WireGuard as a simple network device driver,
accessible in the usual RTNL way used by virtual network drivers. It
makes use of the udp_tunnel APIs, GRO, GSO, NAPI, and the usual set of
networking subsystem APIs. It has a somewhat novel multicore queueing
system designed for maximum throughput and minimal latency of encryption
operations, but it is implemented modestly using workqueues and NAPI.
Configuration is done via generic Netlink, and following a review from
the Netlink maintainer a year ago, several high profile userspace tools
have already implemented the API.
This commit also comes with several different tests, both in-kernel
tests and out-of-kernel tests based on network namespaces, taking profit
of the fact that sockets used by WireGuard intentionally stay in the
namespace the WireGuard interface was originally created, exactly like
the semantics of userspace tun devices. See wireguard.com/netns/ for
pictures and examples.
The source code is fairly short, but rather than combining everything
into a single file, WireGuard is developed as cleanly separable files,
making auditing and comprehension easier. Things are laid out as
follows:
* noise.[ch], cookie.[ch], messages.h: These implement the bulk of the
cryptographic aspects of the protocol, and are mostly data-only in
nature, taking in buffers of bytes and spitting out buffers of
bytes. They also handle reference counting for their various shared
pieces of data, like keys and key lists.
* ratelimiter.[ch]: Used as an integral part of cookie.[ch] for
ratelimiting certain types of cryptographic operations in accordance
with particular WireGuard semantics.
* allowedips.[ch], peerlookup.[ch]: The main lookup structures of
WireGuard, the former being trie-like with particular semantics, an
integral part of the design of the protocol, and the latter just
being nice helper functions around the various hashtables we use.
* device.[ch]: Implementation of functions for the netdevice and for
rtnl, responsible for maintaining the life of a given interface and
wiring it up to the rest of WireGuard.
* peer.[ch]: Each interface has a list of peers, with helper functions
available here for creation, destruction, and reference counting.
* socket.[ch]: Implementation of functions related to udp_socket and
the general set of kernel socket APIs, for sending and receiving
ciphertext UDP packets, and taking care of WireGuard-specific sticky
socket routing semantics for the automatic roaming.
* netlink.[ch]: Userspace API entry point for configuring WireGuard
peers and devices. The API has been implemented by several userspace
tools and network management utility, and the WireGuard project
distributes the basic wg(8) tool.
* queueing.[ch]: Shared function on the rx and tx path for handling
the various queues used in the multicore algorithms.
* send.c: Handles encrypting outgoing packets in parallel on
multiple cores, before sending them in order on a single core, via
workqueues and ring buffers. Also handles sending handshake and cookie
messages as part of the protocol, in parallel.
* receive.c: Handles decrypting incoming packets in parallel on
multiple cores, before passing them off in order to be ingested via
the rest of the networking subsystem with GRO via the typical NAPI
poll function. Also handles receiving handshake and cookie messages
as part of the protocol, in parallel.
* timers.[ch]: Uses the timer wheel to implement protocol particular
event timeouts, and gives a set of very simple event-driven entry
point functions for callers.
* main.c, version.h: Initialization and deinitialization of the module.
* selftest/*.h: Runtime unit tests for some of the most security
sensitive functions.
* tools/testing/selftests/wireguard/netns.sh: Aforementioned testing
script using network namespaces.
This commit aims to be as self-contained as possible, implementing
WireGuard as a standalone module not needing much special handling or
coordination from the network subsystem. I expect for future
optimizations to the network stack to positively improve WireGuard, and
vice-versa, but for the time being, this exists as intentionally
standalone.
We introduce a menu option for CONFIG_WIREGUARD, as well as providing a
verbose debug log and self-tests via CONFIG_WIREGUARD_DEBUG.
Signed-off-by: Jason A. Donenfeld <Jason@zx2c4.com>
Cc: David Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
Cc: Greg KH <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Herbert Xu <herbert@gondor.apana.org.au>
Cc: linux-crypto@vger.kernel.org
Cc: linux-kernel@vger.kernel.org
Cc: netdev@vger.kernel.org
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
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